In this module, you will study how cancer develops at the cellular and molecular level. Topics include genetic mutations, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis (cell death), angiogenesis (blood vessel formation), and how normal cells transform into cancerous cells. This helps build a deep understanding of the biological mechanisms behind cancer.

The Diagnostic Techniques in Oncology module covers the key methods used to detect and diagnose cancer. It includes clinical examination, various imaging tools like X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans, as well as biopsy procedures to obtain tissue samples for analysis. The module also covers laboratory tests, tumor markers, and the role of pathology in identifying cancer types and grades. Additionally, it explains cancer staging systems, such as TNM, which help determine the extent of disease and guide treatment decisions.

This module focuses on the use of drug-based treatments for cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapy. It covers how these treatments work, their indications, side effects, and how to manage patient care during therapy for effective cancer management.